The effects of activation parameters (time and temperature) on its physiochemical properties and its performance for the removal of sodium ions from …
Activated bentonites are low-cost acid catalysts used in several reactions. However, their application at an industrial scale is affected by the formation of colloidal suspensions when these …
At a molecular level, insight into this reaction was gained from density functional theory modelling, which showed the different activation energies of the various steps of the …
@misc{etde_22430220, title = {Activation of a Ca-bentonite as buffer material} author = {Huang, Wei-Hsing, and Chen, Wen-Chuan} abstractNote = {Document available in extended abstract form only. Swelling behavior is an important criterion in achieving the low-permeability sealing function of buffer material. A potential buffer …
Acid activation was carried out by heating muds prepared from Ca-rich bentonite (CaB), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) and distilled water, yielding various bleaching …
Raw bentonite clay cannot directly have applied in catalysis it needs to be activated. The activation of bentonite results in an increase in the number of active sites, …
A layered composite of Fe 2 O 3-pillared bentonite (Fe-P-Bet), used as a catalyst in a Fenton-like process, was prepared and then its mechanical activation was studied in detail.The optimum conditions for preparation of Fe-P-Bet and the effects of mechanical activation on the catalytic activity of Fe-P-Bet were investigated systematically.
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The adsorption capacity of the HCl-activated bentonite was almost three times higher than that of raw BCs. Additionally, the adsorption process was pH-dependent, and acidic condition ... the adsorption mechanism of bentonite is susceptible to a variety of factors, including pollutant structure, adsorbent surface chemistry, reaction conditions ...
The acid activation of bentonite from Middle Anatolia, consisting of mostly montmorillonite, with a hot solution of H 2 SO 4 with different concentrations was carried out. SEM images, nitrogen sorption isotherms and FTIR spectra were used to examine structural changes of the bentonite with acid activation. Acid–base titration method was applied to determine …
The fastest growing export markets for Bentonite of Oman between 2021 and 2022 were India ($192k), United Arab Emirates ($94.3k), and Qatar ($37.5k). Imports In 2022, Oman imported $6.63M in Bentonite, becoming the 38th largest importer of Bentonite in the world. At the same year, Bentonite was the 706th most imported product in Oman.
single mechanism with intermediate activation energy (19.0 kJ mol–1). Adsorption isotherms of ... activated bentonite was calculated by subtraction from that present in the crude oil. The steep ...
The mechanism of these changes in pore size is similar to that of the AA bentonite. However, an additional step of thermal activation resulted in removing the adsorbed and hydrated water, and volatile organic compounds. This mechanism creates new pores and provides more adsorption sites facilitating higher adsorption of dyes on …
It was further found that after mechanical activation, the catalytic activity of the activated bentonite-based bismuth ferrites composite (A-BiFe/Bent) has been significantly improved for the photo-Fenton reaction [31]. Hence, it is expected that by using an A-BiFe/Bent catalyst, the degradation of alkyl xanthates can be achieved in photo ...
Polymer-amended bentonite is a kind of high-performance bentonite material, which has been widely researched and applied in barrier engineering. This paper summarizes the modification mechanism and process of polymer-amended bentonite in previous studies and discusses its modification effect for impermeability and isolating …
reaction, the surface area of bentonite increases due to decomposi-tion of smectite structure. The most significant mechanism in the activation of natural bentonite is cation exchange by H+ ions. Dur-
Vol. 51, No. 3, 2003 Mechanism of adsorption of b-carotene by acid-activated bentonite The semi-logarithmic plots of ln C/C o vs. time for maize oil yielded two straight lines (Figure 2), which correspond to a two-stage reaction, namely an initial period of rapid adsorption, followed by a period of slow adsorption.
The natural bentonite (NB) was activated to Na-bentonite (Na-B) by a new facile method within 2 h. NB and Na-B were also characterized using XRD, XRF, BET ESM, and FT-IR.
While chemisorption is the dominant adsorption mechanism on the bentonite case, both physisorption and chemisorption play important roles for adsorption onto activated carbon. Also, several possible mechanisms for these adsorption systems were elaborated further." ... Parameter Wastewater containing amoxicillin Adsorbent Bentonite Activated ...
Bentonite activation was performed with three different concentration of H 2 SO 4 (3, 5, and 10 N), in order to investigate the impact of acid concentration on the surface area. Compared with natural bentonite, acid-activated bentonite displayed about 38–51% larger surface area (Table 1).
Synergistic modification of bentonite by acid activation and hydroxyl iron pillaring was conducted. Larger specific surface area and pore volume was achieved after modification. Enhanced removal of RhB was achieved by the modified bentonite. The adsorption mechanisms of RhB on the adsorbent involve electrostatic attraction and …
A layered composite of Fe2O3-pillared bentonite (Fe-P-Bet), used as a catalyst in a Fenton-like process, was prepared and then its mechanical activation was studied in detail.
Acid activation was carried out by heating muds prepared from Ca-rich bentonite (CaB), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) and distilled water, yielding various bleaching earths (BEs).The roles of each of the process variables, namely mass fraction of H 2 SO 4 (x) in the dried CaB and pure H 2 SO 4 mixture, heating temperature (T) and contact time (t), in the …
In this study, the adsorption of NH 3 gas on a bentonite from Ünye (Turkey) in its natural state and after acid treatments, was investigated experimentally at 298 K and up to 100 kPa. Bentonite was treated with HCl solutions of various concentrations (0.5–2.5 M) at …
Bentonites can be used in repositories for high-level radioactive waste (Neretnieks, 1978; Doann et al., 2013a), but to do this they need to maintain their favourable properties such as their swelling and sorption capacity against heat impacts in an engineered barrier system (EBS), predominantly to ensure that diffusion is the dominant transport …
2.1 Materials. Zinc nitrate (Zn(NO 3) 2 ·6H 2 O) came from Guangdong Guanghua Technology Co., Ltd., citric acid (C 6 H 8 O 7 ·H 2 O) came from Tianjin Fuchen Chemical Reagent Factory, bentonite of run-of-mine ore came from Xinjiang's Xiazi Street, and deionized water came from the laboratory self-produced.. 2.2 Methods. The …
Activation of Bentonite clay using hydrochloric acid (HCl) [15], [16], sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) [17], [18] and other acids [19], [20] has been reported. ... Owing to the carboxyl group present in MES, it gets further esterified by the same mechanism leading to formation of DES, both occurring consecutively. ...
2.1 Preparation of PDA-B. The commercial activated carbon used in this study was obtained from Tianjin Beichen Fangzheng Reagent Factory. Sodium bentonite was prepared according to the method described in Reference (Zhang et al., 2022a, 2022b).The Al-pillared bentonite was synthesized as per the procedure outlined in …
Vijayakumar et al. (2009) evaluated acid-activated bentonite as a catalyst in the esterification reaction of the different carboxylic acid with alcohols or p-cresol. Acid activation of bentonite was carried out in concentrated H 2 SO 4 and characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, TGA, acid titration and BET surface area. Esterification was carried …
Acid activation was carried out by heating muds prepared from Ca-rich bentonite (CaB), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) and distilled water, yielding various bleaching earths (BEs).The roles of each of the process variables, namely mass fraction of H 2 SO 4 (x) in the dried CaB and pure H 2 SO 4 mixture, heating temperature (T) and contact …
Oily wastewater is a major environmental issue resulting from different industrial and manufacturing activities. Contaminated water with oil represents a significant environmental hazard that can harm numerous …
1. Introduction. One application of calcium bentonite with a significant market is the decolourization of vegetable, animal and mineral oils. Most of the calcium bentonite used for filtering and decolourizing oils is acid activated (Odom, 1984).Acid treatment with sulphuric or hydrochloric acid removes the calcium cations from the surfaces and edges …
Abstract—A study is performed of the effect the means of activation of bentonite-like clays (acidic, alkaline, combined) have on the adsorption characteristics of Fe 3+ ions under static conditions. The mechanism of the acidic and alkaline activation of montmorillonite is identified and found to depend on the concentration of the activating ...
DOI: 10.1016/j.clay.2023.106869 Corpus ID: 257066922; Review of polymer-amended bentonite: Categories, mechanism, modification processes and application in barriers for isolating contaminants
The mechanism of decolorization of crude maize and sunflower oils was studied by means of adsorption of β-carotene by a low-grade bentonite, containing mixed-layered illite-smectite. Decolorization depends on temperature and the time required for equilibrium decreases with increasing temperature. The study of the kinetics of …
Based on the results, the mechanism of organic-mechanochemical composite activation of bentonite can be revealed and shown in Fig. 10, which …
