The selection of the method to be used for nickel ore processing is influenced by the characteristics or composition of the laterite nickel deposit. In the hydrometallurgical process, it was chosen to be able to process limonite type laterite nickel ore with levels of Ni: 0.8-1.5%, Co: < 0.2%, Fe: > 40%, MgO: < 5%.
Petea is a mainly lateritic landform with below-average nickel content. Figure 1. Map showing the mine area (Image source: Vale Inco Limited, 2010). Nickel ore processing The flowchart in Figure 2 shows that processing the nickel ore at the PT Vale plant is a complex operation, involving numerous different phases.
The nickel mined comes from two types of ore deposits, magmatic sulfide deposits and laterites. Sulfide nickel ore, due to a long-term excavation, has seen a constant decline in production in ...
The RKEF process of laterite ores is expected to have better development. 1.5 Challenges and Development of Ferronickel-Making. ... Graaf JED (1980) The treatment of lateritic nickel ores—a further study of the caron process and other possible improvements: Part II. Leaching studies. Hydrometallurgy 5(2–3):255–271 ...
The pyrometallurgical process flow sheet comprises drying and calcining of the laterite ore and blending with the separately dried and calcined NIP. Drying is carried out at around 130–150 °C in separate rotary driers sized for the different amounts and based on the thermal characteristics of the two feed materials.
HPAL process for short is suitable for processing nickel laterite of limonite type with less than 5% content of magnesium in general to avoid excessive acid consumption. Generally, for this type of nickel laterite ore, the contents of nickel and cobalt are 0.8–1.5% and 0.1–0.2% respectively.
Industrially, the pyrometallurgical treatment of laterites is mostly accomplished with a well-established method, namely, the rotary …
The leaching behavior of nickel and iron in limonite-type laterite nickel ore was studied through ammonium hydrogen sulfate atmospheric leaching. The leaching temperature, ammonium bisulfate concentration, reaction time, and acid excess rate during the nickel dissolution process were optimized using the response surface methodology …
The process flow diagram of the nickel-laterite ores is presented in figure 2. Firstly, the nickel-laterite ores were dried; then the coal powder and the adhesive were mixed with...
integrated pilot plant level. As with other processes, impetus for the Neomet Process on laterites has been muted due to nickel prices. However, the overall process is not only limited to nickel, and development of the key unit operations has continued. It is expected that a decision on a laterite project will be made in late 2017 (13).
researches. However, the process mineralogy of laterite nickel ore has not been related to the beneficiability of mineral in the laterite nickel ore. At the same time, the existing reports lack of comparative study of the process mineralogy of laterite nickel ore and high-temperature treatment. In view of this, we carried out a systematic study on
exceed 100 million tons, and low-grade oxidized nickel ore (laterites) represents the bulk of the world's nickel reserves (85%) [15]. Despite this, more than half of the primary nickel production comes from sulfide ores. In nickel-containing ores, cobalt is the main accompanying metal, the content of which does not exceed about 0.08%,
OF NICKEL LATERITE ORE Shuai Wang1,2, Hongxu Li*1,2, Chao Li1,2, Xiangxin Hao1,2, Qinghua Bao, Lifeng ... Nickel iron production electric furnace process flow Laterite nickel ore Mining Raw Ore Screening Fine Fraction Briquetting Electric Furnace ... The established LCA models of three nickel laterite processing technologies are
Laterites are the main source of feedstock for production of ferronickel as described herein. The paper includes information regarding nickel-bearing deep sea …
Hallet (1997) described the reduction of nickel from lateritic ores. Apart from the widespread usage of pressure leaching techniques outlined earlier, the SERVO Process was tested to extract nickel from lateritic Greek ores by means of volatilization at moderate temperatures, Pichugin and Cox (1997). Another step involves usage of a …
benefits especially as nickel laterite ore grades diminish. The nickel production ... 2005; ref 4 & M G King 2005; ref 5) when the future of nickel laterite processing seemed likely to be HPAL. This is largely because recent projects to come online have seen huge capital cost overruns, longer construction periods along with technical ...
In this paper, the process of solid-state metalized reduction and magnetic separation was investigated for preparation of nickel–iron concentrate from a low-grade laterite nickel ore. The effects of reduction temperature, reduction time, amount of dosages, and magnetic field strength on grades and recoveries of nickel and iron were studied. The results showed …
The economics of nickel laterite processing are strongly dependent on grade and composition of ore feed, economies of scale, location, availability of low-cost energy and well-developed ...
Nickel production is a very important activity for the European Union because nickel is a unique constituent of stainless steel. Europe has lateritic (oxidic) ore deposits along a very well-known belt starting from the Alps and ending to the Himalayas.
of suldic ore, there is an increasing trend in using nickel laterite ores as the primary source. Laterite ore contributes to about 70% of the world's land-based nickel resources. Hydrometallurgical techniques such as heap leaching (HL), atmospheric leaching (AL), high-pressure sulfuric acid leaching (HPAL), Caron process, and direct nickel ...
Abstract Nickel is mostly extracted from sulfide ores, however, laterite ores account for over 60 pct of all nickel resources in the world, and despite its predominance, there is no well-established process to extract nickel from such ores. Nickel in laterites is hosted in many different compounds such as oxides, hydroxides, and silicates minerals. …
Nickel laterite leaching Outotec can perform laterite leaching in HPAL and atmospheric conditions. Depending on your mineralogical requirements, nickel laterite high-pressure acid leaching (HPAL) solutions are available, using Outotec OKTOP autoclaves and other pressure equipment. Nickel laterites can
Other important classes of ore are the laterites, which are the result of long weathering of peridotite initially containing a small percentage of nickel. Weathering in subtropical climates removes a major portion of the host …
As shown in Fig. 10, HPAL requires a 30–50 bar pressure and a temperature of 240-270 °C . The grounded ore slurry is thickened before being fed to the autoclave (titanium-lined or lead-lined) for leaching. In comparison with AL and HL processes, this process is kinetically fast. Leaching …
world's accessible nickel reserves are oxidic ores called "laterite" (Sudol, 2005), and are the result of chemical weathering and supergene enrichment of mafic/ultramafic rocks. They vary greatly in depth, nickel grade and mineralogy (Dalvi et al., 2004). The lower layers are called "saprolite" and have nickel contents from 1.8 to 3 ...
The pyrometallurgical process flow sheet comprises drying and calcining of the laterite ore and blending with the separately dried and calcined NIP. Drying is carried …
Currently, due to the decreasing availability of sulfide ores, laterite ores are attracting much attention as nickel reserves. Laterite ore with nickel content of 1.35% can not be processed in Indonesia, therefore it is necessary to do processing in order to increase the laterite ore grade.
Hydrometallurgical Processing of Nickel Laterites—A Brief Overview On The Use of Solvent Extraction and Nickel/Cobalt Project For The Separation and Purification of Nickel and Cobalt. March...
